So… can i overpay my credit card to get a larger purchase?

So im in the middle of building credit as a young person, i dont know the answers to everything and reddit might be the best i got other than waiting on the phone for over an hour to answer dumb questions.

I understand if i pay off a full balance my account will go negative and/or bank will refund me, but thats not the answer to my question. if i theoretically opened a credit line of $300 and pay $100 and make the balance go -$100, if i bought something that is over the credit limit, say $350, the account would still be in full operation and can work with that purchase? like basically paying off a balance and thensome temporarily increasing your credit limit?